1. What is the thyroid gland?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck. It produces hormones (T3 and T4) that control metabolism, energy, growth, and body temperature.
2. What are thyroid disorders?
Thyroid disorders are conditions where the thyroid gland produces too much or too little hormone, or develops structural problems (like goiter or nodules).
3. What causes thyroid disorders?
Autoimmune diseases (Hashimoto’s, Graves’)
Iodine deficiency or excess
Thyroid surgery or radiation
Genetic factors (family history)
Certain medications (like lithium, amiodarone)
Tumors or nodules in the thyroid
4. How are thyroid disorders treated?
Hypothyroidism: Lifelong thyroid hormone tablets (Levothyroxine)
Hyperthyroidism: Antithyroid medicines, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery
Goiter/Nodules: Depends on size and cause – observation, medicine, or surgery
Thyroid cancer: Surgery, radioactive iodine, and thyroid hormone therapy
5. Can thyroid problems be prevented?
Ensure adequate iodine intake (iodized salt)
Regular health check-ups, especially if family history is present
Avoid unnecessary radiation exposure to the neck
Manage stress and maintain a healthy lifestyle