Obesity

1. What is obesity?

Obesity is a condition where excess body fat accumulates, leading to negative effects on health. It is usually defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or more.

  • Eating more calories than the body uses (overeating, junk food)

  • Lack of physical activity

  • Genetic factors (family history)

  • Hormonal problems (hypothyroidism, PCOS, Cushing’s syndrome)

  • Stress and emotional eating

  • Certain medications (steroids, antidepressants)

  • Excess body weight and fat

  • Shortness of breath on exertion

  • Tiredness and fatigue

  • Snoring or sleep apnea

  • Joint pain (knees, back)

  • Low self-esteem or depression (in some cases)

  • Type 2 diabetes

  • High blood pressure and heart disease

  • Stroke

  • Osteoarthritis (joint problems)

  • Sleep apnea and breathing disorders

  • Fatty liver disease

  • Certain cancers (breast, colon, uterus)

  • Infertility (in men and women)

  • Lifestyle changes:

    • Healthy balanced diet (low sugar, low fat, high fiber)

    • Regular physical activity (30–60 min/day)

    • Stress management, good sleep

  • Medications: For appetite control or fat absorption (only under doctor’s advice)

  • Bariatric surgery: In severe cases (gastric bypass, sleeve surgery)

  • Counseling: To address emotional eating and motivation